Progressive collapse studies generally assess the performance of the structure under GRAVITY AND blast loads, while earthquakes may also lead to the progressive collapse of a damaged structure. In this study, the progressive collapse response of concentrically braced dual systems with steel moment-resisting frames was assessed under seismic loads through pushover analysis using triangular AND uniform lateral load patterns. Two different bracing types (X AND inverted V braces) were considered, AND their performances were compared under different lateral load patterns using the nonlinear static alternate path method recommended in the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) guideline. Eventually, the seismic progressive collapse resistance of models was compared to their progressive collapse response under GRAVITY loads. These studies showed that models under the seismic progressive collapse loads satisfied UFC acceptance criteria AND limited rehabilitation objective. The structures had better performance under seismic progressive collapse than models under GRAVITY loads because of more resistance, ductility, suitable load redistribution, AND more structural elements that participated in load redistribution. Furthermore, despite studies on progressive collapse under GRAVITY loads, the dual system with X braces showed better progressive collapse performance (more resistance, residual reserve strength ratio AND ductility) under seismic loads than the model with inverted V braces.

Tumor detection AND isolation in MAGNETIC resonance imaging (MRI) is a significant consideration, but when done manually by people, it is very time consuming AND may not be accurate. Also, the appearance of the tumor tissue varies from patient to patient, AND there are similarities between the tumor AND the natural tissue of the brain. In this paper, we have tried to provide an automated method for diagnosing AND displaying brain tumors in MRI images. Images of patients with glioblastoma were used after applying pre-processing AND removing areas that have no useful information (such as eyes, scalp, etc.). We used a bounding box algorithm, to create a projection for to determining the initial range of the tumor in the next step, an artificial bee colony algorithm, to determine an initial point of the tumor area AND then the Grow cut algorithm for, the exact boundary of the tumor area. Our method is automatic AND extensively independent of the operator. comparison between results of 12 patients in our method with other similar methods indicate a high accuracy of the proposed method (about 98%) in comparison s.

In this paper, the extended Euler deconvolution method is studied for interpreting MAGNETIC AND GRAVITY anomalies. This method, overcoming some limitations of the conventional Euler deconvolution method, is utilized for simultaneous AND automatic estimate of the depth, structural index AND horizontal location of potential field sources. The main limitation of the conventional Euler deconvolution method is non-linear dependency of structural index AND background field; hence a simultaneous estimation of these parameter is not possible. For overcoming this problem, a value of structural index is presumed AND the obtained results are evaluated according to various criteria. A wrong structural index affects the final results. In the extended Euler deconvolution, the Euler differential equation is solved for Hilbert transform of the field AND its derivatives. Since the Hilbert transform of a constant value is zero, the linear dependency of structural index AND background filed will be removed, AND therefore the automatic calculation of structural index will be possible AND the presumption of structural index is not required anymore. Moreover, since Hilbert transform has two components of x AND y, the number of equations to be solved at each point is increased, AND consequently the solutions are more reliable. In this paper, firstly, a background theory of the extended Euler deconvolution is discussed in detail. Then the method is applied to a MAGNETIC anomaly produced over eighteen MAGNETIC sphere (dipole) having different MAGNETIC properties. Finally, the method is used for interpreting a Bouguer GRAVITY anomaly of NorANDa in Quebec province of Canada AND also a MAGNETIC anomaly of an area located near Anar city of Kerman province of Iran.

Euler deconvolution system is a well-known approach to estimate the depth of underground sources in potential field geophysics. Over-determined Euler linear equations are usually solved independently AND separately for the GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC data, AND each result is an estimate for the depth of the potential sources. This technique is widely utilized to analyze individually the depth variations of MAGNETIC AND GRAVITY sources. However, depth estimation of each of the mentioned potential fields may return specific AND exclusive results regarding the complex nature of the subsurface structures, AND the GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC separate depth estimation solutions may be discordant in many aspects. In cases of low resolution for GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC data sets, this study indicates that independently solved Euler depth estimation systems cannot yield reliable AND accurate solutions of potential field sources. Combining the GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC data AND simultaneously solving the Euler equations for GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC potential fields, this research presents a novel approach called the joint Euler method with a proper capability to return more accurate AND improved depth estimations for boundary AND body of potential field sources. The presented method was solved AND examined over homogeneous AND non-homogeneous synthetic scenarios with reduced resolution, AND the depth solutions were also compared with the separate approach. After obtaining the desired results from the synthetic models, the joint Euler technique was applied to the GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC data of the Kifl oil trap located in Iraq. The results were quite promising rather than the separate depth estimations, proving the sufficiency AND applicability of the proposed potential field method in terms of interpretational aspects.

Because of the limitations of manipulating single geophysical data sets to interpret subsurface anomalies for many cases, it is required to combine geophysical data to decrease the ambiguity AND non-uniqueness of the interpretation. Integration interpretation of two different geophysical data sets is one of the most common ways to integrate geophysical data AND in this paper, we want to utilize the combination of GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC data for the Golgohar mine in Iran. This mining case is located in the SanANDaj-Sirjan zone in the province of Kerman. GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC data are interpreted using a MATLAB code written based on the damped weighted minimum length solution for which the model weighting is the product of the multiplying of compactness AND depth weighting constraints. At first, the inversion algorithm is applied to the synthetic case to investigate its reliability for practical application on real data. Reconstructed models from the noise-contaminated synthetic data are suggestive of the productivity of the inversion algorithm. Ultimately, the algorithm is applied for the interpretation of the real data AND the inversion results of both data sets show a high correlation between the magnetite anomaly position horizontally AND vertically. The results represent an anomaly with the depth ranging approximately from 25 to 130 m with the horizontal extension of about 120 m from 280 to 400 m relative to the start of the interesting profile.

Because of low grade of thorium AND uranium in the Zarigan mineral deposit, the pre-concentration operation prior to leaching is necessary. From X-ray diffraction analysis results, it was clear that this ore has large amount of other minerals such as Feldespat, Quartz, Hematite, Titanomagnetite, AND rare earths. In this paper the thorium enhancement grade in Zarigan deposit by using GRAVITY, MAGNETIC AND electrical separations methods is reported. The output of a Jaw crusher was ground to 85 micron by using ball mill. Then about 95% of SiO2 was separated by using shaking table separation. The heavy concentrate of shaking table was processed by a high intensity MAGNETIC separator AND then the MAGNETIC concentrate separated by a low intensity MAGNETIC separator. Finally, the non MAGNETIC concentrate of low MAGNETIC separator was processed with the electrical separation. The grades of thorium AND uranium in the non MAGNETIC concentrate of low MAGNETIC separator were increased to 4000 AND 5000 ppm, respectively where only 15% of the initial feed (ore) was transferred to this concentrate. Therefore, this resulted in a decrease of acid consumption in the leaching processes AND the efficiency enhancement of the process. The pre-treatment circuit of this ore was designed as Jaw crusher/ball mill/shaking table/high-MAGNETIC separator/low-MAGNETIC separator/electrical separator, respectively.

Mapping the edges of magnetized bodies is fundamental to the application of MAGNETIC data to geologic mapping. Whether as a guide for subsequent field mapping or as a predictive mapping tool in areas of limited exposure, delineating lateral magnetization changes provides information on not only lithological changes but also on structural regimes AND deformation styles AND trends. Adding contact locations to maps of the MAGNETIC field or enhanced versions of the field (derivatives, transforms, etc. ) improves significantly the interpretive power of such products. Furthermore, this has recently become particularly important because of the large volumes of MAGNETIC data that are being collected for environmental AND geological applications. Hence, a variety of semi-automatic methods, based on the use of derivatives of the MAGNETIC field has been developed to determine MAGNETIC source parameters such as locations of boundaries AND depths. Almost all methods that determine contact locations are based on calculating some function of the MAGNETIC field that produces a maximum over a source body edge. Finding the maxima is then efficiently done with the curve-fitting approach of Blakely AND Simpson (1986). GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC data are usually processed AND interpreted separately, AND fully integrated results basically are created in the mind of the interpreter. Data interpretation in such a manner requires an interpreter experienced both in topics concerning potential field theory AND the geology of the study area. To simplify the joint interpretation of data, the automatic production of auxiliary interpreting products, in the form of maps or profiles, is useful to help a less experienced interpreter or when investigating regions with poorly known geology. Fortunately, a suitable theoretical background for the joint interpretation of GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC anomalies is well established AND can serve promptly in generating such products. Because of its mathematical expression, this theory is commonly referred to as the Poisson relation or the Poisson theorem. This theorem provides a simple linear relationship connecting GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC potentials AND, by extension, field components that are commonly derived from geophysical surveys. To validate this, an isolated source must have a uniform density AND magnetization contrast. The relationship, however, is independent of the shape AND location of the source. Therefore, the MAGNETIC field can be calculated directly from the GRAVITY field without knowing the geometry of the body or how magnetization AND density are distributed within the body AND Vice Versa. Therefore, a MAGNETIC grid may be transformed into a grid of pseudo-GRAVITY. The process requires pole reduction, but adds a further procedure which converts the essentially dipolar nature of a MAGNETIC field to its equivalent monopolar form. The result, with suitable scaling, is comparable with the GRAVITY map. It shows the GRAVITY map that would have been observed if density were proportional to magnetization (or susceptibility). Comparison of GRAVITY AND pseudo-GRAVITY maps can reveal a good deal about the local geology. Where anomalies coincide, the source of the GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC disturbances is likely to be the same geological structure. Similarly, a GRAVITY grid can be transformed into a pseudo-MAGNETIC grid, although this is a less common practice. Pseudo-GRAVITY transformation is a linear filter which is usually applied in the frequency domain on MAGNETIC data. This filter produces an applicable result because interpretation AND quantifying the GRAVITY anomaly is easier than MAGNETIC anomaly. Filtering (enhancement techniques) is a way of separating signals of different wavelength to isolate AND hence enhance anomalous features with a certain wavelength. One of the enhancement methods in MAGNETIC data filtering is Total Horizontal Derivative (THDR) designed to look at Maxima in the filtered map indicate source edges. It is complementary to the traditional filters AND also first vertical derivative enhancements techniques. It usually produces a more exact location for faults than the first vertical derivative, but for MAGNETIC data it must be used in conjunction with the other transformations e. g. reduction to pole (RTP) or pseudo-GRAVITY. Computing horizontal gradient of the pseudo-GRAVITY anomaly AND mapping the maximum value of this causes edge detection of the MAGNETIC causative body. In this paper this method is applied on synthetic MAGNETIC anomaly AND also on the MAGNETIC anomaly from the Gol-Gohar area in Sirjan which demonstrate a 30m width body.

This primary purpose of this work was to develop control laws for three axis stabilization of a MAGNETIC actuated satellite with a passive GRAVITY gradient boom. the satellite shall be three axis stabilized with its boom pointing outwards. This was achieved by classical linearized control of satellite. in addition to a theoretical treatment, the theses contain a large portion of application considerations. Stability analysis was done to find the moment of inertia of a satellite, in order to reach the passive GRAVITY gradient control with boom. The control concept considered was that interaction between the earth’s MAGNETIC field AND a MAGNETIC field generated by a set of coils in the satellite can be used for actuation. MAGNETIC torquing was found attractive for generation of control torques on small satellites. Since MAGNETIC control systems are relatively lightweight, require low power AND are inexpensive. However, this principle is inherently none linear AND difficult to use, classical linearized control AND fuzzy controllers were used to stabilized the satellite AND their performance was tested via simulation.

This study presents a comprehensive geophysical investigation of the Sabalan geothermal area in Iran, utilizing MAGNETIC, GRAVITY, AND magnetotelluric (MT) data. These data have been inverted to a depth of 5000 meters. MAGNETIC data inversion accurately identified faults or fractures. GRAVITY data inversion produced a density model distinguishing intrusive masses, reservoirs, AND cover units. MT data inversion utilized apparent resistivity AND phase data for both TM AND TE modes. The resulting models were compared with geological cross-sections to assess their accuracy AND consistency. The integration of geophysical models yielded a comprehensive geological conceptual model for the Sabalan region. Heat sources, hydrothermal reservoirs, AND potential geothermal fluid pathways were identified, demonstrating the effectiveness of geophysical methods in subsurface mapping. Consistency with newer Sabalan models based on drilling AND geological data increased confidence in findings.

This research was aimed at evaluating the efficiency of advanced GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC separations on the recovery of chromite from the fine Platinum Group Metals (PGM) tailings consisting of particles 80% passing 75 μ m with about 45% being >45 μ m resulting in high chromite losses. The PGM plant tailings were subjected to X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy AND particle size distribution analyses. The feed was then optimally classified with 60 mm diameter hydro-cyclone into underflow AND overflow streams. The coarser underflow was further beneficiated using the spiral concentrator. The results obtained showed that the removal of fines increased the Cr2O3 grade for the spiral feed from 12. 27% to 17. 64% while spiral concentrate grade improved from 14. 84% to 21. 46% AND recovery 69. 85% to 95. 53%. MAGNETIC separation efficiency was found to increase with particle size such that at >75 μ m a concentrate with up to 17. 13% grade AND 61. 5% recovery was achieved. The advanced Falcon concentration was also observed to be mainly particle size dependent AND at <75>45 μ m up to 17% grade AND 60. 3% recovery was achieved. The results obtained are based on particles >45 μ m AND the finer particles <45 μ m are likely to give poorer results. The results obtained indicate that GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC separation were reasonably efficient to pre-concentrate PGM tailings before flotation. However, the processes are mostly affected by particle size AND should be preceded by size classification to improve separation efficiency.